Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes in the 19th Century report

Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes in the 19th Century report This article is entitled â€Å"Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes in the 19th Century† written by Rusty Bitterman. Elementary, this article focuses on wage labor amongst farm households especially in the Maritimes in early 19th century. Primarily, resource-based economies were prevalent in the maritime and they included agricultural and non-agricultural practices.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on â€Å"Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes in the 19th Century† report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was plenty of land and therefore any person would access the land and make a living out of it. â€Å"With a wife and axe, an industrious man might carve out a handsome competence and become truly rich and independent† (Bitterman, 1993, p. 14). However, apart from farm household labors, people got involved in waged labor. Bittterman points out that the main reason why people got involved in waged labor was to institute and maintain their own farms. Farming requires resources to run it. For instance, for a farmer to start farming, he or she requires farm inputs and seeds on top of labor to get the farming underway. This need to have money to support such events explains why many farmers assumed two roles; that is, being casual laborers or wage earners and at the same time being farmers tilling their own lands. The article points out that, the fact that most of the people around the maritime had two jobs, class distinction between wage earners and farmers was outstandingly missing. Consequently, there was no clear-cut class identity in those times and neither could the prevailing environment allow establishment of the same. The ideal of an independent farmer was to cultivate his or her land, raise families, and be independent. Independence, wealth accumulation and raising families was the dream of every farmer in the maritime. Bitterman (1993) says one would become â€Å"†¦truly rich and independent† (p. 14). However, despite the desire to become independent, these farmers had to become wage earners; a move that seemed to take away their most craved independence. So, how did wage labor fit into the lives of families striving to attain this ideal in the Maritimes? In this article, Rusty Bitterman gives a valid explanation of why farmers engaged in wage labor and how this fitted in their lives to attain the ideal farmer status in the maritime.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During this period of early 19th century, most farmers were illiterate and amateurs in any profession. Therefore, to become independent and rich, these people had to work as wage earners to partly support their farming practices and supplement their earnings from the poorly cultivated lands. The fact that these farmers were not skilled in any filed implies that even the farming they did they did it poorly and consequently the production was low. On the other hand, in the wage labor, unskilled labor dominated the arena implying that production was poor hence poor payment. Due to lack of education, there were no set employment rules that would counter check any form of exploitation. Therefore, these conditions starting with poor farming practices which, resulting into poor yields and faced with the need of every farmer to be independent and rich, forced the farmers to take up non-farming activities to earn some income that would maintain their farms and provide for their families as aforementioned. This phenomenon explains how wage labor fitted into the lives of farmers and their families and still maintained their ideal status in the maritime. However, the writer was not convinced by the author’s argument. There are some critical concerns that the writer raises in this case. Fo r instance, the claim that farmers were independent during that time is not substantial. The article stresses the fact that there was massive paternalism between employees who partly happened to be farmers and employers who were merchants and land rulers. With this regard, independence of the farmers remains in question because their wage earning part of livelihood lay in the hands of these prominent and rich coteries of the society. To say that the farmers were independent because they cultivated their farms is null. It is clear that the farmers were not producing enough farm products to sustain them and their families giving them the independence and wealth that they craved. Actually, the article points out clearly that the reason why many farmers engaged in wage labors was to supplement their poor incomes from farming. This implies that these same farmers had to go looking for wage labors from the same individuals who were out to exploit them. This implies that independence and r ichness was not anywhere close to these farmers as claimed in the article. The article to some extent insinuates that the only people who did not have independence were the working class. This holds some truth. However, the farmers were part of the working class because they got involved in waged labor at some point. Towards the end of the article Bitterman points out that, more farmers engaged in wage labor as time went on.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on â€Å"Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes in the 19th Century† report specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Bitterman, there were two classes of people; wage laborers and farmers. However, a new class of wage earners cum farmers emerged and this is where independence of farmers got lost. As long as they worked as wage earners, they remained under the mercies of merchants and rich landowners and were subject to exploitation. Reference List Bitterman, R. (1993). Farm Households and Wage Labor in the Northeastern Maritimes In the 19th Century. Retrieved from, https://www.jstor.org/stable/25143668?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

An Overview of Economic Stagflation in the 1970s

An Overview of Economic Stagflation in the 1970s The term stagflation- an economic condition of both continuing inflation and stagnant business activity (i.e. recession), together with an increasing unemployment rate- described the new economic malaise in the 1970s pretty accurately. Stagflation in the 1970s Inflation seemed to feed on itself. People began to expect continued increases in the price of goods, so they bought more. This increased demand pushed up prices, leading to demands for higher wages, which pushed prices higher still in a continuing upward spiral. Labor contracts increasingly came to include automatic cost-of-living clauses, and the government began to peg some payments, such as those for Social Security, to the Consumer Price Index, the best-known gauge of inflation. While these practices helped workers and retirees cope with inflation, they perpetuated inflation. The governments ever-rising need for funds swelled the budget deficit and led to greater government borrowing, which in turn pushed up interest rates and increased costs for businesses and consumers even further. With energy costs and interest rates high, business investment languished and unemployment rose to uncomfortable levels. President Jimmy Carters Reaction In desperation, President Jimmy Carter (1977 to 1981) tried to combat economic weakness and unemployment by increasing government spending, and he established voluntary wage and price guidelines to control inflation. Both were largely unsuccessful. A perhaps more successful but less dramatic attack on inflation involved the deregulation of numerous industries, including airlines, trucking, and railroads. These industries had been tightly regulated, with the government controlling routes and fares. Support for deregulation continued beyond the Carter administration. In the 1980s, the government relaxed controls on bank interest rates and long-distance telephone service, and in the 1990s it moved to ease regulation of local telephone service. The War Against Inflation The most important element in the war against inflation was the Federal Reserve Board, which clamped down hard on the money supply beginning in 1979. By refusing to supply all the money an inflation-ravaged economy wanted, the Fed caused interest rates to rise. As a result, consumer spending and business borrowing slowed abruptly. The economy soon fell into a deep recession  rather than recovering from all aspects of the stagflation that had been present. Source This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Answer 7 individual questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Answer 7 individual questions - Essay Example The individual cannot breakdown such proteins leading to their accumulation and final death of the host as the proteins demand for more space. Viroids contain RNA as the nucleic acid and have no protein coat. Their infection materializes in the company of viruses. A case example is the viroid, Hepatitis D usually evident in the caspid of the virus, Hepatitis B. Bacteria are ubiquitous and unlike viruses, they lack the membrane enclosing the DNA contained in their nucleus. This makes them reproduce quickly via binary fission, independent of other cells. Bacteria also adapt to new environments and replicate even faster to overwhelm the hosts immunity. Consequently, a disease is evident. Viruses in the lytic cycle attach their phage on the host cells using tail fibers. Their penetration occurs once the lysozyme cell wall opens up allowing the tail sheath to contract and enforce DNA and tail core inwards (Harvey, 2007). In this cycle, production of phage proteins and DNA transpires, followed by mellowing and assembly of phage particles prior to their release once the cell wall of lysozyme breaks. Lytic cycles lead to lysis and eventual death of host cell. Chemical bonding and signaling to produce enzymes regulate the process. Latent cycle also known as lysogeny and temperance marks a period of no virulent activity. In this case, prophage DNA may be integrated in the hosts nucleic acid inducing specialized transduction and phage conversion in the future (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2010). This results to a provirus that allows infected cells to function normally for some time. The cycle involves the production of repressor proteins, which in spontaneous occasions may fail, making the virus to enter the lytic cycle. Viruses act as co-carcinogens, in that they propagate cancer progression. In some cases, they cause cancer, though pathology results after a long time. It is said that 10% of

Critically discuss the adoption of EMS as a vehicle to achieve Essay

Critically discuss the adoption of EMS as a vehicle to achieve sustainability of company operations - Essay Example Environmental management is in a perspective of sustainable development. Environmental management systems are based on reference standards. The most widespread is ISO 14001. There is also the European Regulation EMAS, based on ISO 14001, but with additional requirements (among others, the public environmental statement) (IEMA’s Environmentalist 2008). The startlingly certified ISO 4001 possesses several benefits that include the significant cost, long, and short term advantages still they were implemented, and it was found there are more ways to improve it. The standard ISO 14001 is the most widely used standards in the series of standards ISO 14000 concerning the environmental management. It was conducted by the International Organization for Standardization, known internationally by the acronym ISO is automatically included in the naming standards (IEMA’s Environmentalist 2008). ... specifically requires the implementation of the basic environmental feedback before establishing the EMS while ISO 14001 recommends that such a practice is really beneficial to establish the EMS, and it identifies the consequences and signifies the environmental factors (International Standard Organization 2012). The EMAS requires the preparation of an environmental statement, to be available publicly. This statement must be externally verified to ensure the reliability of the information. No requirement of the environmental statement in ISO 14001 Originally, the EMAS applied only to the industrial sector (mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas and water supply, and solid and liquid waste), but has since expanded its borders considerably and now includes service industries and governments local (International Standard Organization 2012: Isodanisman 2012). ISO 14001 can be functional to existing business processes or particular actions, which take place within the compa ny while the EMAS only applies to a "place of operations" The EMAS provides that a company must "fulfill all relevant requirements relating to the environment" while ISO 14001 only states that there must be a "commitment to comply" environmental legislation and regulations (International Standard Organization 2012; Isodanisman 2012). The EMAS provides that the audit of a management system and environmental performance should be done, or completed the audit cycle, at least every three years while the ISO 14001 does not specify the frequency of audits The EMAS environmental policy states that must include a commitment to continual improvement in environmental performance, with a view to reduce impacts to levels not exceeding those corresponding to economically viable application of best

The History of Soft Drinks Essay Example for Free

The History of Soft Drinks Essay Interesting Information on Origin Background Of Soft Drinks Talking about the history of soft drinks, it can be traced back to the time when mineral water was found in natural springs. As per the general belief during that time, natural spring was considered healthy for life. In fact, people believed that just by bathing in the springs, one could be cured of many diseases. The reasoning also instigated them to drink the water. The earliest form of soft drinks was sherbets, which was developed by Arabic chemists and served in the medieval Near East. These were basically juice or fruit punch, as we call it today, soft drinks made from crushing fruits, herbs and flowers. In the mid 13th century, a drink named Dandelion Burdock made a rage in England. It was prepared by fermenting dandelion and burdock roots and then naturally carbonating them. Though the drink is still available today, the flavor has changed. It was in the 17th century that the first marketed non-carbonated drink appeared in the West. The juice mainly consisted of water, lemon juice and honey as its major ingredients. In the year 1676, the Compagnie des Limonadiers of Paris was granted a monopoly for the sale of lemonade soft drinks. Local dealers would carry tanks of lemonade drink and sell it to thirsty Parisians in dispensable cups. It was only in the next century that the actual carbonated mineral water was manufactured, thanks to Joseph Priestley and his discovery. Priestley discovered a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide, to make carbonated water. He found out that the infused water had a pleasant taste and served as a refreshing drink. The water is still available today and is better known as soda water. With time, the concept of carbonated water caught up and other scientists started improvising the method. Torbern Bergman, a Swedish chemist, invented a generating apparatus that made carbonated water from chalk, by the use of sulfuric acid. The most advantageous feature about Bergmans apparatus was that it allowed production of mineral water in large amounts. By this time, another Swedish chemist, Jons Jacob Berzelius started adding flavors to the drink. The concept of artificial mineral water intensified in United States. It was in the year 1806 that Yale chemistry professor Benjamin Silliman sold soda waters in New Haven, Connecticut. Soon, people started the business of selling mineral water. John Matthews of New York City and John Lippincott of Philadelphia began manufacturing soda fountains. Artificial mineral water was considered healthy for life. With time, the water was further urbanized, as flavors started to play a major role. Herbs, such as birch bark (see birch beer), dandelion, sarsaparilla, fruit extracts and other substances were added to the mineral water to improve the taste. Since the U. S. glass industry was facing problems, bottled drinks did not play a major role. Instead, soft drinks were dispensed and consumed at a soda fountain, usually in a drugstore or ice cream parlor. In 1885-86, Charles Aderton invented ‘Dr Pepper’ flavored beverage in Waco, Texas, while Dr. John S. Pemberton formulated ‘Coca-Cola’ in Atlanta, Georgia. Four years later, Caleb Bradham had invented the ‘Pepsi-Cola’. The last year of 19th century saw first patent issued for a glass blowing machine, used to produce glass bottles. However, it was only in the 20th century that bottled soda increased exponentially. Year 1919 saw the formation of the American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages. Four years later, the first Hom Paks or soft drink cartons were created. The later half of the century saw the emergence of canned soft drinks, which formed an important share of the market. Facing a lot of tiffs and squabbles, be it economic downturns or health movements, soft drinks manage to be one of the most profound beverages available in the food and beverage industry, by constantly adapting themselves to the changing taste of consumers.

The Identity of an American Puerto Rican Essay example -- Race Identit

The Identity of an American Puerto Rican Am I "American" or "Puerto Rican", a question that wanders along the halls of my mind all the time? Many Puerto Ricans might not agree, but I feel that I am, "American", Puerto Rican American that is. As a child my own parents deprived me of my culture and true identity. They spoke to me in a language that many Puerto Ricans refused or detested to learn, English. The only thing I can actually say that I know about Puerto Rican heritage is the comida we shared during family gatherings. "In Spanish the words are habichuelas con arroz; in English, rice and beans; and in any language they translate into the food staples of island life" (p. 59, Fernandez). I went to Puerto Rico when I was four years old and haven’t been ever since. I remember limbers and roosters crowing and hot floors burning my feet but nothing about my generations past. It’s sad to know nothing about an island that many of my own kind are very proud of. I’m clueless of what my Puerto Rican people h ave actually been through. Political, economics, social relations and identity issues, what about them, I wonder. All I know about the island’s history is that we are Puerto Ricans from an island in the Caribbean called Puerto Rico. We are Puerto Rican Americans to my knowledge. We are Puerto Rican Americans because we are a commonwealth island being assisted by the American Government so that gives us some affiliation to being American. Those of us who were born and raised in the United States are Puerto Rican Americans whether we want to admit it or not. The majority deny that they are American, maybe because of our historical past with governmental issues and struggles in the early and late eighteenth century. Who knew we w... ...r school day mornings with the pledge of allegiance, the "Star Spangled Banner", and "America the Beautiful", teachers hoped to instill the love of country that would make islanders 100 percent Americans" (p.56, Fernandez). Americans had many visions for the Island of Puerto Rico of which many, till this day, are still trying to be touched on. From fighting the Spanish-American War to invading the island, the Puerto Rican people did not once stop fighting for what was there’s. Americans tried so hard to make Puerto Rico a little America but through many struggles, were denied all rights. Puerto Ricans have to admit that, though they are not an official state of the United States of America, they are in a sense, still Americans because they have citizenship. And because some finally accepted the English language as a second language, whether by choice or by force. The Identity of an American Puerto Rican Essay example -- Race Identit The Identity of an American Puerto Rican Am I "American" or "Puerto Rican", a question that wanders along the halls of my mind all the time? Many Puerto Ricans might not agree, but I feel that I am, "American", Puerto Rican American that is. As a child my own parents deprived me of my culture and true identity. They spoke to me in a language that many Puerto Ricans refused or detested to learn, English. The only thing I can actually say that I know about Puerto Rican heritage is the comida we shared during family gatherings. "In Spanish the words are habichuelas con arroz; in English, rice and beans; and in any language they translate into the food staples of island life" (p. 59, Fernandez). I went to Puerto Rico when I was four years old and haven’t been ever since. I remember limbers and roosters crowing and hot floors burning my feet but nothing about my generations past. It’s sad to know nothing about an island that many of my own kind are very proud of. I’m clueless of what my Puerto Rican people h ave actually been through. Political, economics, social relations and identity issues, what about them, I wonder. All I know about the island’s history is that we are Puerto Ricans from an island in the Caribbean called Puerto Rico. We are Puerto Rican Americans to my knowledge. We are Puerto Rican Americans because we are a commonwealth island being assisted by the American Government so that gives us some affiliation to being American. Those of us who were born and raised in the United States are Puerto Rican Americans whether we want to admit it or not. The majority deny that they are American, maybe because of our historical past with governmental issues and struggles in the early and late eighteenth century. Who knew we w... ...r school day mornings with the pledge of allegiance, the "Star Spangled Banner", and "America the Beautiful", teachers hoped to instill the love of country that would make islanders 100 percent Americans" (p.56, Fernandez). Americans had many visions for the Island of Puerto Rico of which many, till this day, are still trying to be touched on. From fighting the Spanish-American War to invading the island, the Puerto Rican people did not once stop fighting for what was there’s. Americans tried so hard to make Puerto Rico a little America but through many struggles, were denied all rights. Puerto Ricans have to admit that, though they are not an official state of the United States of America, they are in a sense, still Americans because they have citizenship. And because some finally accepted the English language as a second language, whether by choice or by force.

 Organizational Teams Essay

Teams are an integral part of the success of organizations today. There are various types of teams found within today’s companies, and some teams perform at higher levels than others. The performance of a team can depend largely on its structure. To understand what makes a team operate be effective and productive requires looking at the various types of teams. Organizations typically developing the following types of teams: manager-led, self-managing, self-designing, and self-governing teams. Not all teams are equally effective for all organizations, and it is important to understand the distribution of authority within the teams. In the manger-led team, the manager acts as the team leader and is responsible for defining the goals, methods, and functioning of the work team (Thompson, 2011,p. 8). Self-managing teams are similar to manager led teams, but team has more flexibility and the manager acts more like guide. This style of team place more responsibility on the individual members to define how the goals and objectives will be met. Self-directing teams operate in the absence of a clearly defined leader and the members share responsibility to state objectives and methods to achieve them. The final type of team is a self-governing team. Self-governing teams and boards of directors are usually responsible for executing a task, managing th eir own performance processes, designing the group, and designing the organizational context (Thompson, 2011,p. 12). Of the various types of teams an organization can implement, manager led teams are often the most common type of team. This is not to say they are the most efficient or productive, but they offer control and are the cost effective. In a manager-led team the manager is responsible for the design of organizational context, team design, and monitoring and managing team performance. The team is responsible for the execution of the assigned task. The advantages of a manager-led include but are not limited to: control over the team, work being performed, efficient, and low cost. In providing one clear responsible party for the team decisions can be made more quickly and the team can quickly change its focus. Potential conflicts may also be resolved in a more efficient manner by having a single  responsible manager to handle situations as they arise. Everyone looks to the manager for instructions (Denning, 2009). Organizations implement this traditional type of team because it works and t o avoid the risk of negative impacts in changing to a new team style. Manager-led teams are not without their own disadvantages. These types of teams have less autonomy and individual freedoms. The ability of team members to trust that the manager can treat members fairly without showing favoritism can create tension. Manager-led teams are not best suited for detailed assignments and are appropriate for clearly defined tasks. Placing sole responsibility upon the manger can limit particular individual’s ability to grow and develop. Even though manager-led teams demonstrate several disadvantages they are still the most frequently style of team within organizations. It is difficult to understand why more organizations do not favor using other team types in place of manager-led teams. Research has indicated that manager-led teams are some of the least productive. The previous chart from The Denning (2009) website indicates that only one other team is performs at a lower rate than manager lead teams. Manager-led teams may have a highly qualified proven leader running the team and still are unable to provide improved results. Manager-led teams require the building of relationships and trust to be successful. Self-managing teams are fast becoming the management practice of choice for organizations that wish to become more flexible, push decision making to the front lines, and fully use employees’ intellectual and creative capacities (Wageman, 1997, p. 1). Business is a constantly changing environment and they must be prepared to adapt accordingly. Although manager-led teams will likely remain the most traditional team used in business because of their advantages, larger more competitive business see the benefits of slowly transitioning to self-managing teams. These teams are very similar in that both use a manager to lead the team, but more responsibility is given to individual team members. Self-managing teams have the ability to increase  productivity, quality, saving and employee morale (Thompson, 2011,p. 9). Employees and managers take more ownership in how the team will function and the methods and practiced used to reach the goals and objectives. Businesses may be reluctant to change the structure largely due to cost. The goal of any business is to make a profit and in an increasingly competitive global business environment there is a reduced appetite for change. Having said that those businesses willing to be more creative and implement self-managing teams could benefit as a result. The type of business, size of organization, structure, and willingness to take some risk are all factors in determining what type of teams will be best suited for their success. It is possible and often likely that business will implement more than one type of team depending on the area of business. Task oriented functions such as order entry, collections, and shipping are best suited for manager-led teams. Research, design, and marketing would appear to benefit from self-managing or self-directed teams. There is no one size fits all team structure and organizations must have knowledgeable understanding of their employees and customer base. References Thompson, L. L. (2011). Making The Team: A Guide for Managers (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Denning, S. (2009). SteveDenning.com. Retrieved from http://www.stevedenning.com/Radical- Management/most-high-performance-teams-are-self-organizing.aspx Wageman, R. (1997, Summer). Critical SuccessF actors for Creating Superb Self-ManaginTg eams. Corequniverse, (), 1-13.

Skin & Tattoos Review

Patterson, M. , & Schroeder, J. (2010). Borderlines: Skin, tattoos and consumer culture theory. Marketing Theory, 10, 253-267. DOI: 10. 1177/1470593110373191 Assignment 1: Patterson & Schroeder Article Review This essay critically reviews an academic article which applies consumer culture theory to identity formation by illustrating the association of skin and body art to femininity and commodification. The paper begins with a brief summary of the key points outlined in the article which is then followed by an analytical evaluation of these points. After which I will examine why I believe they were able to make a compelling argument. I then go on to critique the style of the article and discuss some of the weaknesses I found in the argument presented by the authors. I end with a suggested issue for further research. The authors of this article intend to examine the establishment of identity, both generally and embodied, within the consumer culture theoretical framework. In order to do so they describe three fundamental assertions which have been derived from consumer culture theory (CCT) and employ three metaphors to illustrate how these concepts prove to be problematic. They further develop evidence which challenges the proposed concepts by applying them to skin, and more specifically to the skin of heavily tattooed women. It is their assertion that skin serves as the principal site for individuals to imprint their ideologies and convey their stories, it brings together the natural and the social. The concept of femininity and cultural ideas of beauty also become intertwined in the conjectural work put forth by the authors. In their attempt to show a correlation between skin, identity, and consumption, the idea that heavily tattooed women collect body art in order to distinguish themselves from the masses and challenge existing gender stereotypes forms the foundation from which they argue. According to the article an individual’s production of self is mediated by interaction with others in addition to a calculated use of commodities. However, they claim that interpretation of one’s identity is not always clear or easily discerned and further that access to the resources we use to create our identity is not equal amongst all individuals. The following relationships between skin, femininity and consumption form the structure from which they develop their assumptions: first, the containing function of skin is central to creation of femininity as ideals of the perfect body remain; second, femininity is implicit on skin so much so that transmission becomes an issue of surface projection; and third, well maintained, delicate skin has become an archetype of femininity and a desire to retain this indicator of gender difference leads women to want to work on their skin. The ambiguousness of such an overlooked and yet important organ enables the reader to relate to a vast number of viewpoints. Based on the evidence presented, I find the authors’ argument convincing and can appreciate why skin makes an ideal medium for research on consumer identity. What I took from the article was that beauty and identity are often interdependent and rely on how one interprets and creates it. I arrived at this conclusion by following their logic that skin is connected to our identity in how we adorn and maintain it. The closer we come to upholding social norms regarding femininity, which is often closely tied to ideals of beauty, the more highly we are regarded in society. We use our exterior surface as a canvas in which we create our inner identity, however, identity is not static and we are continually modifying and recreating ourselves. I like the idea that women are silently protesting and disrupting long held patriarchal beliefs of femininity by engaging in body art acquisition. I also agree that by partaking in forms of body modification, such as tattooing, women challenge the traditional ideals of beauty. While the article is written concisely and straightforwardly, I believe the metaphors they use could have been explained further in order to get a clearer understanding of their association to the topic at hand. I found the idea of skin as a container difficult to follow, the arguments presented in this section taken individually were clear, but when related back to identity and commodification it became someone convoluted. One aspect I believe the authors neglected to develop was the notion that individuals can assume simultaneous identities or that they can perform identities, whereby they represent themselves different from their visible characteristics. They touched on this with the discussion of tattooed women being both contained and transgressive in the narrow perception of beauty, along with the view of the mind/body dualism. I found the overall concept explored in this article quite interesting, but thought the execution left something lacking. At times the article almost seems somewhat philosophical in its assessment of the topic in that it relies largely on interpretive research. Identities are seen not as merely represented in discourse, but rather as performed, enacted and embodied through a variety of dialectal and non-linguistic means. After introducing the topic at hand and reviewing the relevant concepts that have been ascertained in regards to the conceptualization of identity within the framework of consumer culture theory, and more specifically, identity as it applies to skin, femininity and body art, the article concludes with a suggested direction for further study. The authors propose that more work on boundaries and understanding of identity and consumption should be done. In addition, they advise rather than looking at the meaning of the body, future examination should analyze what the consequences of consuming the body are.

Examples of Annotated Bibliography on Obesity The Latest Studies for Your Research Paper

Examples of Annotated Bibliography on Obesity The Latest Studies for Your Research Paper Just imagine that as you read this article, every second adult and every sixth child are suffering from excess weight at this very moment. The US, New Zealand, Mexico and Hungary are the countries with the highest obesity rates among adults, and the overweight impacts their citizen’s social status as well as the physical and mental state. So, it’s actually no wonder if you get a writing assignment on obesity where you have to research one or several aspects of this soon-to-be global issue. If you also get a task to produce an annotated bibliography for your paper, don’t worry. It’s not that difficult as it seems if you get your bearings in all the rules for completing it properly. And we in our turn will give you several examples of the annotated bibliography on obesity so that you could see those regulations used in practice. Moreover, we will provide them in 2 main citation styles: MLA and APA. Enjoy! MLA Asibekyan Stella, Garvey Timothy. â€Å"Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease – More than Meets the Eye.† Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2017) The work attempts to find a connection between obesity and diabetes of the second type. This issue has been explored, considered and debated by numerous scientists during years. The fact that this connection exists even in theory makes one reflect on his/her diet and eating habits. That’s why it’s so important to include this research in the paper as it adds weight to the words that obesity is bad for your health. James Yeh, Robert Kushner, Gordon Schiff. â€Å"Obesity and Management of Weight Loss.† The New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (2016): 1187-1189 The article examines two types of the weight loss one of which includes using medicine while another criticizes the doubtful â€Å"healthy† nature of the drug involvement. They both provide valuable arguments for and against medicine implementation and give great insights into the life of obese people who try to lose the excess weight. APA Apovian, C. (2016). The Obesity Epidemic – Understanding the Disease and the Treatment. England Journal of Medicine. 375: 177-179 The research focuses on the numbers and statistics on obesity that lately have grown drastically. It is looking for the best treatment in such a situation which is not an easy task – e.g., weight loss medicine has been tested on adults, but children and adolescents have never participated in tests, thus can’t be treated this way. This study shows the overall complexity and gravity of the obesity situation which greatly helps to describe the current state of affairs. Fuchs Florent, Senat Marie-Victorie, Rey Evelyne. (2017). Impact of Maternal Obesity on the Incidence of Pregnancy Complications in France and Canada. Scientific Reports 7. 10859 The study reveals the consequences of obesity for pregnant women after conducting a comprehensive research from 2009 to 2011 among more than 46 000 deliveries in Canada and France. Their findings present the connection between obesity and HDP ( a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy), macrosomia and cesarean delivery. This study helps to highlight the dangers of overweight for a particular group of women which adds value to the statements in our paper. These examples will help you to: See the samples of the right formatting; Find more information on obesity; Check out how the annotations are written. 3 for the price of one – and all you have to do is to spend 10 minutes on reading our article. You are welcome. Enjoy!

Sample Character Reference Letter for a Friend

Sample Character Reference Letter for a Friend SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips This final recommendation letter example represents a character reference. A character reference might come from a friend, neighbor, or even relative. It tends to be more personal than professional and speaks to the subject's personality and character. In this guide, we'll explain what character references letters are and when they are needed, as well as how to write one and what to include in your letter. We also include a sample character reference letter so you can see what a complete one looks like, and we end with tips to help you write your own letter of recommendation for a friend. When Are Character Reference Letters Needed? There are two main situations when character reference letters are most needed. The first is for legal reasons, such as a background check or for a court case. In this case, your character reference is used to provide evidence that the person you're writing the letter about is overall a good person and should be found innocent/given a reduced sentence/be paroled, etc. You may also be asked to write a character reference for a friend who is applying for a job but doesn't have much work experience or who has been out of the workforce for an extended period of time but still needs references in order to apply to a job. Some clubs, programs, or schools may also require character reference letters, or they may be needed to sign a lease, but these reasons are less common. How Do You Write a Character Reference Letter? What Should It Include? Writing a character reference letter for a friend can seem intimidating, but it's actually quite straightforward. All you need to focus on is telling the truth about what you like about your friend and why you think they're a good person. This is the template your letter should follow: Introduction: You should always include the date at the top of your letter so people reading it can see how recently it was written. Also, be sure to use the proper honorific, such as "Ms." "Mrs." "Mr. or "Dr." Judges should be referred to as "Your Honor or "The Honorable Judge." How you know your friend: In the first paragraph, give a little background on yourself, how long you've known the person you're writing about, and what your relationship to them is. For example, "I've been Emily's next door neighbor for ten years, and we grew up spending every afternoon playing in my backyard." Your friend's character: In the next paragraph(s), discuss what your friend's character is like and what makes them so great. You can mention ways they have helped you, goals they have achieved, volunteering they've done, donations they've made, causes they're committed to, and/or ways they've helped others. Like the previous paragraph, be specific and use examples in order to make your letter as effective as possible.Writing "Emily has shown her generosity by volunteering at our local senior center every weekend for the past year" is much more effective than just saying "Emily is a generous person." If possible, tailor your examples to the reason you're writing the letter (such as examples of how a person is a great parent for a custody case). Remorse/improvement you've seen (optional):This isn't needed for all character references, but if you're writing a letter because your friend made a bad decision (such as drinking while driving), you can also include examples you've seen of remorse or steps they've taken to make better choices in the future, such as abstaining from drinking and attending AA meetings. This shows that they take their mistake seriously and are committed to being a better person. Conclusion: End your letter by thanking the person reading it for their time and offering to answer any additional questions they may have. Include your full name and contact information at the bottom of the letter. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: Sample Letter #9: Written by a Friend as a Character Reference Lara Turner60 Main St.Midtown, NH 03031 April 15th, 2019 To the Honorable Judge Eva Miller, I'm writing on behalf of Rose Davidson in regards to her gaining custody of her two children. I know Rose to be an exceptional parent, and I fully support her having full custody of her daughters.Rose and I have been neighbors for eight years, and our children play together at least once a week. I see her nearly every day, either in the neighborhood or while dropping off or picking up our children from school, andI can attest to her strength of character and devotion to her daughters. I first met Rose when she and her daughters moved into the house next door to mine. We quickly found our paths crossing not just as neighbors, but also as fellow parents involved in the PTA. We and our families have become close friends, and over the years, we've frequently spent time together and set up play dates for our children. Rose and I also regularly babysit for each other, and I always feel confident that my children are safe and well taken care of when she is watching them. I have always been impressed by how dedicated Rose is to being an outstanding mother. She shifts her work schedule and completes her work late at night after her daughters have gone to bed so that she can pick them up from school and be present in the evenings with them. She encourages her daughters to pursue classes and activities they enjoy and is always willing to help with homework and drive them to their weekly soccer practice and art classes. She even goes above and beyond by regularly providing snacks to teammates and classmates during these events. She always listens to her daughters and makes them feel cared for, and I know from my own children that Rose's daughters feel secure and well-loved by her. Rose's daughters are thriving academically and passionate about many extracurricular activities, and I know that with Rose as their mother, they'll grow up to be upstanding members of society. I feel incredibly lucky to know Rose as both a friend and as an inspiration for what a great mother looks like. Ihope that my letter will help Rose gain full custody of her daughters so they can continue to lead full and happy lives. Please feel free to contact me for any further information. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, Lara Turnerlara.turner@gmail.com508-726-6245 Recommendation Letter #9: The Breakdown This recommendation letter sample represents a specific type, that of a character reference. A character reference may come from a friend, neighbor, relative, or other person close to the recommendee. While some jobs ask for character references, other circumstances when they might be called for court, as in the above example, buying a house or condo, or for acceptance into a group or committee. Reference letters for a friend tend to be much more personal than a typical professional letter. If you’re asked to provide a character reference, you can describe the person’s personal qualities and character. Just as with any other letter, you should strive to give specific examples to back up your characterization of the subject of your letter. In the above sample character reference letter, Lara Turner attests to the strong character of her friend and neighbor, Rose, to help Rose with her custody arrangement of her daughters. Lara talks about her close relationship with Rose and describes some of Rose’s personal strengths. Since a custody case is specifically concerned with creating the best arrangement for the children, Lara focuses especially on Rose's dedication to her daughters and the effort and care she puts into being an exceptional mother. She states her support and gives specific examples to back up her words. Overall, her letter stands as a strong statement of support for Rose and fulfills its purpose as a character reference for Rose's custody hearing. Tips for Writing a Character Reference Letter Keep the following tips in mind to write the strongest character referenceand letter of recommendation for a friend possible. Know who you're writing to so you can address the letter properly. Know why you're writing the letter so you can better customize your writing. Keep the letter short (generally a page or less). Use specific examples to show your friend's character. Keep things positive. Focus on the positive aspects of your friend's character, and don't disparage them or anyone else in your letter. Maintain a professional tone (no slang or overly familiar language). Proofread your letter before sending it to make sure it is clear and free of errors. What's Next? Are you looking for a more professionally-oriented letter of recommendation example? Check out this job reference sample written by a manager for a full-time employee. Want to learn more? Head over to our full guide on recommendation letters for eight more samples, along with suggestions for how to write your reference. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today:

Life and Faith of Flannery O'Connor Research Paper

Life and Faith of Flannery O'Connor - Research Paper Example The influence had been developed with her participation in the Roman Catholic Church. 2. As a qualified social scientist, O’Connor used symbolism and imagery that had been developed in her creative aspect. She had been an amateur writer and editor who had started expressing her writing skills within the qualified agencies. 3. Majority of the scenes that she had created in her works had been from the Southern region where she had emanated from with the struggle between spirituality and unholy concepts. Conclusion: O’Connor had been an intelligent and creative writer who had used sharp imagery and symbolism in her works. The use of religious intuition and strange characters also generated the development in the plot within her short stories. Introduction In the development of any writing, the author depicts certain qualities to issue their identity. Flannery O'Connor had advanced the American literature style to include aspects that accorded the identity needed to advance the development of stories and literal skills. She also presented her literal skills in completing variable commentaries and followed the style in the Southern Gothic technique to include gross characters. The artist intuition to include religion and beliefs in their writings also favored the outcome that presented a distinct ploy development. O’Connor presented her faith in the writings that she completed that held the Roman Catholic beliefs. Most plots that had been developed predicted the beliefs of the author towards the societal setting. Apart from the entertainment provision of the literal works, the plot advanced served as sources of inspiration and educational lessons to the readers. O’Connor had been consistent in her writing to suggest the moral behavior in the society and present the adversity of faith in reconstructing the broken norms (Scott 61). Most of the stories that she had written sought to present reformations needed to create stability within the societal setting as she completed progress into a righteous individual. Through Flannery O’Connor’s short stories, the readers are able to gain incentive on her faith and the lifestyle that the she had upheld. O’Connor’s stories had been created to advance religious aspects to present God’s works within the societal setting. She had been an established Roman Catholic follower and had the knowledge that her readers had been from a wider religious setting. She had the knowledge that individuals shared varied faith and sought to present moral behavior in the completed writings (Kirk 125). She achieved the fete through completing plot development in holding shocking, with mostly chaotic and bizarre characters. She presented the regional context in the generation of the characters that were applied in a colorful and organized plot development. O’Connor polished the setting in her stories through rich symbolism and manipulation of the words that i ssued direct comparison with events in society (Orvell 128). She had advanced her efforts of developing her writing career through early education qualification in social science, while completing duties as the editor in her leisure time. Although she had suffered from lupus, she advanced the prospect of completing stories that explained the need to uphold the necessary moral standards in the society. The fictional writings had been completed to offer the needed measures to advance spiritual consideration as she

Dadaism and its Influence on Late Mid Twentieth Century Essay

Dadaism and its Influence on Late Mid Twentieth Century - Essay Example The essay "Dadaism and its Influence on Late Mid Twentieth Century" concerns the Dada movement and their art. Design can be shown to have benefited from the innovations that occurred through the Dadaist movement. This paper will review the way in which Dada was defined and relate its evolution to the meaning that was placed in artistic works within the culture of Dada. The discussion will turn towards the work of James Reid and Vivienne Westwoods in order to reveal how Dada has been influential in design. Through focusing on these two designers, the concepts of Dada will emerge as influential to the development of their work and its importance in the evolving topics of design. Defining Dada often leaves the one doing the describing in a perpetual negative space. The explanation is often more focused on what Dada does not represent. Dada does not represent the common, the beliefs that had come before it about what defined art. Dada is about the avant-garde, even though it is technical ly a precursor to avant-garde ideas, but it is questionable that the definition of that term would suffice to describe Dada. Dada can be described for its visual impression, defining what is seen by what is perceived. An example of this is the use of words in order to create a visual impact. What the words say is not more important than the composition of the lettering, the way in which the visual impact performs. The viewer experiences the sensation of reading, but the experience is beyond just that concept. Dada took the evolution of design and printing to a place in which visual impact was used to create communication. At the time of Dada, the explanation of it was obscure; the idea of the irony in its creation meaning that it was the antithesis of all that was art. Dada was â€Å"nothing† as described by Duchamp. According to descriptions by Blythe and Powers (2006, p. 7) â€Å"Dada directed its energies toward challenging accepted notions of art and the tradition of oil painting, most noticeably by designating pre-existing mass produced objects – so called ‘Readymades’ - art and by using the playful language of puns offering humour and simultaneous meanings†. Dada was about using art against itself by creating graphically designed pieces that could be interpreted as anti-art, which in turn made them quintessentially art. The irony of Dada was always that in trying to not be what it was it was more itself. Dada, in not being art, became essentially artistic. Dada was much more than the creation of works of art. The concept of Dada was that it was a culture, defining ways of thinking through new perspectives. Dada was a challenge to the standard, a reversal of tradition in which to be expected would be a sin. Phrases such as â€Å"